Tim M. Schwarz

Turning Nd‐Fe‐B Swarf Into High‐Value Bulk Feedstocks via Sustainable Hydrogen Plasma: From Rare‐Earth Oxides to Metals and Hydrides

ABSTRACT Rare‐earth permanent magnets (REPMs) are crucial for electric vehicles, wind turbines, and other high‐efficiency electric motor systems. However, their production is energy‐intensive, and global recycling rates are below 0.2%. Machining swarf is the main industrial waste...