Nurul Huda Mahmood

Integrating HAPS, LEO, and terrestrial networks: A cost-performance study for IoT connectivity

Background High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are emerging as alternative or complementary solutions for extending Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, particularly in areas where terrestrial infrastructure is sparse, unavailable, or tem...

FI-TW: An open train–weather dataset for railway delay analysis in Finland

Background Train delays result from complex interactions between operational, technical, and environmental factors. Weather strongly affects railway reliability in Nordic regions, yet publicly available datasets rarely integrate meteorological information with operational train r...