Masahiro Watanabe

Hysteresis and irreversibility in permafrost physical response to increase and decrease of CO 2 emissions

Abstract. Boreal permafrost over the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, defined as areas where the ground temperature is below 0 °C for two or more years, stores more than twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. Therefore, thawing of the permafrost, a tipping element, due to glo...