Han Hao

How circular economy reshapes aluminum demand and carbon emissions in the Chinese automotive sector

Vehicle electrification and lightweighting deepen the automotive sector’s reliance on wrought aluminum alloys. With limited recycling capacity, wrought aluminum supply relies heavily on primary aluminum production, leading to higher embodied carbon emissions. This study investiga...

Product Carbon Footprint Rules Shape Declared Emissions of Electric Vehicles and Traction Batteries

Abstract Product carbon footprint (PCF) rules are increasingly used in disclosure, subsidies, procurement, and emerging performance requirements, but their interpretation and policy effects depend on accounting-rule design. We compare China’s draft PCF standards for traction batt...