Cesar Rosas

Structural Force of Elements in the Vacuum — Unified model: Constant across all 118 elements

We present a systematic analysis of all 118 elements of the periodic table, evaluating the force each element exerts within the confined vacuum at a separation of 100 nm, using a unified model with universal constant k = 1.05 \times 10^{-24}\ \mathrm{m}^3 \cdot \mathrm{J}^{-1}. R...

First Biological Structures in Hot Hydrothermal Environments: Progressive Organization in Metal‑Rich, High‑Density Settings

The origin of the first biological structures is described, forming in deep‑sea hydrothermal vent systems: environments with temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 400 °C, rich in minerals and metals of diverse density —including iron, nickel, copper, zinc, and manganese. Variation i...

Proposal for an Experimental Test of the Casimir Effect — Identical Surface Coatings with Variable Internal Mass Density

Abstract: A benchtop experimental proposal is presented to test the coupling between vacuum quantum fluctuations and internal substrate mass density — while maintaining identical surface electromagnetic boundary conditions. Two Casimir–Lifshitz cavities are fabricated with identi...