Carsten Watzl

How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity

Immunosenescence is not a uniform decline but a trajectory shaped jointly by age and sex. Using continuous high-dimensional immunophenotyping, we show that aging T cells accumulate a senescent signature of CD28 loss and CD57 gain, and that males reach an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio ea...