Ariel Matias Kaen

Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Structured Debate and International Practice Patterns

Lumbar fusion has evolved from open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) to minimally invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF), the current minimally invasive benchmark. Endoscopic techniques, proven in discectomy and decompression, have been extended to fusion (uniportal endoscopic TLI...

Uniportal Versus Biportal Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Structured Debate and International Practice Patterns

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common degenerative disorder that may cause neural compression, neurogenic claudication, radicular pain, and disability, particularly in the elderly; surgical decompression is established when conservative care fails. Endoscopic unilateral laminotomy f...