Unveiling conflicts in the open source domain

Abstract

The article explores dynamics and conflicts in open-source ecosystems, using Arduino and VCV Rack as case studies. Open-source projects, both software (OSS) and hardware (OSHW), are often celebrated for fostering collaboration and democratization. However, their commercial trajectories reveal contradictions between open principles and market demands. The Arduino case highlights tensions between fostering community-driven innovation and managing commercial demands, reflecting on how evolving market interests reshape the roles and motivations of contributors. VCV Rack illustrates conflicts within its development community, focusing on issues such as voluntary contributions, recognition, and collaboration in a commercializing environment. Both cases underscore challenges in balancing open-source ideals with financial sustainability. By tracing these tensions, the article highlights the need for strategies that prioritize inclusive governance, equitable participation, and sustained community vitality to ensure the transformative potential of open-source projects.