Geochemical profiling, pedogenesis, and paleoclimate: Understanding stone age archaeological context of Dulung River Valley, Eastern India

Abstract

Fluvial sediments in Eastern India hold rich archaeological deposits, Lower Palaeolithic to Neolithic artifacts. Traditionally, studies of these sediments relied on qualitative analysis of their stratigraphy and morphology. This article advocates for a shift towards a Quaternary paleosol-proxy-based approach that incorporates geochemical analysis of paleosols, arguing that these buried ancient soils offer a valuable record of past climates. This research presents the first attempt to utilize paleosol-based geochemical proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the region. Focusing on the Dulung River Valley of eastern India, the study analyses the geochemical properties of fluvial sediments associated with Acheulian and Microlithic artifacts. By examining major element ratios, molecular weathering-pedogenesis ratios, and derived paleo-mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and Precipitation (MAP) values, the study aims to reconstruct the area's paleoclimate inhabited by early hominins. Finally, the findings are compared with existing data from other parts of India to contribute to a broader understanding of the Quaternary climate of the subcontinent. This study paves the way for a more comprehensive approach to understanding the relationship between past human cultures, environmental changes, and the landscapes of Eastern India.