Blockchain-enabled strategic pathways for enhancing offshore wind energy supply chain resilience: An integrated decision-support framework

Abstract

Offshore wind energy projects face disruptions due to their complexity and reliance on the global supply chain (SC), making SC resilience vital for the reliable and sustainable development of offshore wind energy. Blockchain could enhance resilience through transparency, asset tracking and information security. To strengthen the resilience of offshore wind energy SCs, this study aims to apply an integrated decision-support framework for identifying and prioritizing strategic blockchain-enabled pathways. Drawing on a review of the literature on offshore wind energy SCs, resilience and blockchain applications, the criteria are specified. Then SWOT analysis is used to formulate blockchain-based strategies. The Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (F-SWARA) and Fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (F-MARCOS) technique were used to rank the suggested strategies. To assess robustness, sensitivity analyses were conducted on criteria weights and expert weights and a comparison was performed using fuzzy decision-making techniques. Economic value and reduction of disruption costs, implementation and maintenance cost and traceability and visibility of equipment and data were the most important sub-criteria. Also, the strategies of developing a blockchain-based intelligent decision-making platform to increase SC resilience in disruption conditions, establishing a blockchain-based risk management and early warning system for SC disruptions and implementing a blockchain-based equipment tracking system were identified as the most significant proposed strategies, respectively. These findings provide context-specific insights that may inform offshore wind developers, policymakers, and SC stakeholders when considering blockchain investments and resilience-enhancing initiatives under resource and infrastructure constraints. • Introducing a strategic framework for offshore wind supply chain resilience. • Developing blockchain strategies in offshore wind projects using SWOT analysis. • Applying Fuzzy SWARA-MARCOS methods for evaluating identified strategies. • Robustness assessment using sensitivity analysis and comparison with MCDM methods. • Offering policy and managerial insights for resilient offshore wind supply chains.