Maternal risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy: A quantitative study on the role of demographics, obesity, and healthcare compliance

Abstract

Hypertension in pregnancy is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study examined the associations between maternal risk factors and hypertension in pregnancy. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Wonoayu Health Center, Sidoarjo, Indonesia, from November 2024 to January 2025. Fifty-seven pregnant women with a gestational age of at least 28 weeks and a positive mean arterial pressure screening result were recruited through consecutive sampling. Data were collected from medical records, interviews, adherence cards, physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, and proteinuria tests and analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Maternal age (p = 0.022; adjusted OR = 11.848; 95% CI: 1.422-98.739) and adherence to calcium lactate supplementation (p = 0.021; adjusted OR = 0.371; 95% CI: 0.160-0.858) were significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy. Maternal age and adherence to calcium lactate supplementation may be important factors associated with hypertension in pregnancy.