A Journey Through ICPIG History: From Its Origins to the 36th Edition

Abstract

The International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases (ICPIG) is one of the longestrunning and most influential international conferences in plasma physics. Founded in Oxford in 1953 by Hans von Engel and Gordon Francis, ICPIG has played a central role in fostering scientific exchange and collaboration within the plasma community for more than seventy years. This article retraces the history of ICPIG from its origins to its 36th edition, highlighting its evolution from a conference primarily focused on gas discharges and fundamental plasma processes to a broad forum encompassing low-temperature plasmas, plasma diagnostics, plasma-surface interactions, environmental and medical applications, and emerging interdisciplinary fields. Particular attention is given to the unique role ICPIG played during the Cold War, when the conference alternated between Eastern and Western Europe, providing rare opportunities for scientific interaction across political divides. Historical anecdotes and personal testimonies from participants illustrate both the scientific achievements and the human dimension of the conference series. The article also presents an overview of the 36th ICPIG, held in Aix-en-Provence, France, in 2025, including its scientific program, participation statistics, major awards, and social events. Through this retrospective, we emphasize the enduring contribution of ICPIG to the advancement of plasma science, international cooperation, and the development of generations of researchers.