ANALISIS WACANA KOHESI NAHUAN RUJUKAN PERSONAL DALAM KARANGAN BERTEMAKAN KEPERIHALAN (Discourse Analysis of Personal Reference Grammatical Cohesion in Descriptive Themed Essays)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menganalisis penggunaan kohesi nahuan rujukan personal dalam karangan bertemakan keperihalan dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti penggunaan kohesi nahuan rujukan personal, menganalisis bentuk-bentuk rujukan personal serta menilai ketepatan penggunaannya berdasarkan Teori Kohesi Halliday dan Hasan (1976). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah lapangan. Data kajian diperoleh daripada 15 buah karangan jenis keperihalan yang ditulis oleh pelajar sekolah menengah dan dianalisis berdasarkan penggunaan kata ganti nama diri sebagai unsur kohesi nahuan rujukan personal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kata ganti nama diri pertama seperti “kami”, “saya” dan “kita” merupakan bentuk rujukan personal yang paling dominan digunakan dalam penulisan karangan pelajar. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa sebahagian besar pelajar mampu menggunakan rujukan personal dengan tepat, namun masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan seperti pengulangan kata nama tanpa penggunaan rujukan personal, kekeliruan penggunaan “kami” dan “kita” serta pengguguran unsur rujukan personal dalam ayat. Penemuan baharu kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pelajar sebenarnya mempunyai kecenderungan untuk memastikan maklumat dalam penulisan kekal jelas tetapi mereka lebih cenderung menggunakan pengulangan kata nama berbanding rujukan personal yang lebih gramatis. Selain itu, pengaruh bahasa pertuturan harian turut dikenal pasti sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi kelemahan penggunaan kohesi dalam penulisan formal. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan kohesi nahuan rujukan personal yang tepat amat penting dalam menghasilkan wacana yang kohesif, jelas dan tersusun. Oleh itu, aspek kohesi perlu diberi penekanan dalam pengajaran penulisan karangan bagi meningkatkan kualiti penghasilan wacana bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar.Kata Kunci: Kohesi Nahuan, Rujukan Personal, Karangan Keperihalan, Teori Kohesi Halliday dan HasanABSTRACT: This study was conducted to analyse the use of personal reference grammatical cohesion in descriptive essays among secondary school students. The study aims to identify the use of personal reference cohesion, analyse the forms of personal references, and evaluate the accuracy of their usage based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) Cohesion Theory. This study employed a qualitative approach through literature review and fieldwork methods. The research data were obtained from 15 descriptive essays written by secondary school students and analysed based on the use of personal pronouns as elements of personal reference grammatical cohesion. The findings of the study showed that first-person pronouns such as “kami”, “saya”, and “kita” were the most dominantly used forms of personal reference in students’ essay writing. The study also found that most students were able to use personal references accurately; however, several errors were still identified, such as the repetition of nouns without the use of personal references, confusion in the use of “kami” and “kita”, and the omission of personal reference elements in sentences. The new findings of this study showed that students tended to ensure that information in their writing remained clear, but they were more inclined to use noun repetition rather than more grammatical personal references. In addition, the influence of daily spoken language was also identified as a factor affecting weaknesses in the use of cohesion in formal writing. In conclusion, the accurate use of personal reference grammatical cohesion is essential in producing cohesive, clear, and well-organised discourse.Keywords: Grammatical Cohesion, Personal Reference, Descriptive Essays, Halliday and Hasan’s Cohesion Theory