Multi-Side Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Configurable Series/Parallel Outputs for Wind-Energy Applications

Abstract

Abstract To address the need for compact and adaptable energy harvesters for distributed self-powered electronics, we propose a multi-side sliding triboelectric nanogenerator (MS-TENG) for wind-energy applications. The prototype integrates a wind-oriented rotation-to-reciprocation mechanism with a multi-side triboelectric generation module. Multiple generator units are arranged around a common slider, increasing the number of active interfaces within a limited structural volume, while sharing the same transmission mechanism. The FEP film contacts the flexible rabbit-fur triboelectric layer, while the adjacent metal electrodes serve as non-contact induction electrodes and do not directly contact the FEP film. To isolate the intrinsic effects of structural parameters and electrical connection modes from aerodynamic fluctuations, quantitative electrical characterization was performed under controlled motor-driven reciprocating excitation. Under the controlled test conditions, four generator units connected in series produced an open-circuit voltage of 463.9 V and a maximum average output power of 99.23 μW at 200 MΩ, whereas parallel connection enhanced the short-circuit current and transferred charge. The MS-TENG also briefly activated a low-power electronic module using rectified and stored energy and continuously illuminated 124 LEDs. These results demonstrate that the MS-TENG integrates multiple generating interfaces and provides configurable electrical output and indicate its potential for wind-powered self-sustaining electronic systems.