Improving humanitarian logistics through GDP-based quality-assured logistics controls and cross-organisational training: empirical evidence from Malaysia’s flood response

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine the key determinants of humanitarian logistics effectiveness in Malaysia’s flood disaster management and develop the good humanitarian logistics practices model (GHLPM) as an integrated framework to enhance coordination, quality assurance and operational readiness. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative approach using five focus group discussions (FGDs) involving government agencies, non-governmental organisations and community representatives directly engaged in flood response operations. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and generate key dimensions influencing logistics performance. Findings The findings identify four interrelated dimensions: Community preparedness literacy, multi-agency coordination capacity, GDP-based quality-assured logistics controls and cross-organisational training integration, which collectively shape relief logistics performance outcomes. The results indicate that effective logistics extends beyond infrastructure and speed, requiring alignment between governance mechanisms, coordination structures and organisational capabilities. GDP-based controls enhance transparency and traceability, while cross-organisational training functions as a strategic capability that strengthens the effectiveness of coordination and quality implementation. Practical implications The GHLPM provides actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners. Key recommendations include institutionalising adapted GDP standards, developing integrated logistics information platforms and strengthening cross-agency training programmes that incorporate GDP-based logistics training modules. Collectively, these measures improve system transparency, reduce duplication of efforts and support more equitable and responsive relief operations. Originality/value This study contributes to humanitarian logistics literature by integrating quality governance mechanisms, coordination structures and organisational capabilities within a unified framework. It extends the application of supply chain management principles within humanitarian logistics by incorporating governance, accountability and ethical dimensions into logistics performance evaluation and advances the resource-based view by positioning cross-organisational training as a strategic capability that strengthens coordination effectiveness and quality implementation. The GHLPM offers a context-sensitive and empirically grounded model applicable to multi-agency disaster response systems in Malaysia and comparable humanitarian settings.