Every AI is just a Large Language Model (LLM) The Entropy of English vs. The Precision of Math
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Abstract
There is a fundamental misconception about the current state of artificial intelligence. We categorize AI into different domains—assuming that a machine built to play chess, a machine built to generate images, and a machine built to write text are fundamentally different architectures. This is an illusion. If you strip away the user interface and look at the raw mathematics of the neural network, every domain is simply a language. And every AI is just a Large Language Model (LLM). **The Tokenization of Reality** At the hardware level, a GPU does not know what an English word is, nor does it know what a pixel is. It only processes multidimensional numerical vectors called tokens.
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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)Published 2026-10-11
Authors: Florin Horicianu