Electrospun PVDF / BaTiO 3 ‐ TiO 2 Nanocomposite Yarns for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this study, we assess the piezoelectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposite fibers incorporating a hybrid Barium titanate‐Titanium dioxide (BTO‐TiO 2 ) filler. The 1 wt% PVDF/BTO‐TiO 2 electrospun fiber mat yields a maximum peak‐to‐peak output voltage (V pp ) of 5.47 V and a current of 1.823 μA under tapping, resulting in a maximum instantaneous output power density of 2.49 μWcm −2 at 3 MΩ load. A pressing mode using two fingers generates a smaller voltage of 0.36 V. Furthermore, manually twisted piezoelectric nanogenerator yarns (PENGYs) were fabricated from electrospun fibers to evaluate their energy generation. The 1% PVDF/BTO‐TiO 2 PENGY exhibits V pp of 2.5 V and a current of 0.833 μA under finger tapping, with an output power density of 0.221 μW cm −2 . This work demonstrates a novel low‐energy method to create functional piezoelectric yarns using hybrid BTO‐TiO 2 nanofillers, highlighting the potential of the developed yarn architecture for future investigation in textile‐integrated energy‐harvesting systems.