States of 2D Yang-Mills and large-volume entanglement

Abstract

A bstract We explore the relation between geometry, topology and entanglement for quantum states in two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory. The most familiar class of states in this theory are states defined by Euclidean path integrals over Riemann surfaces. Bipartite states of this class have thermofield double structure, with entanglement consistently reducing with total area and the number of topological defects, becoming separable in the infinite-area limit. In contrast, Wilson lines and loops generate rich non-monotonic behavior of the entanglement entropy. Most notably, we find that for a certain discrete set of configurations, entanglement remains finite at infinite area. The reduced density matrices, in such configurations, take the form of finite-dimensional projectors onto non-trivial vacuum sectors. We also discuss the implications of the large-volume effects for confinement and find that special asymptotic configurations are related to transitions in the confining force.