AI & Computingarticle2026-10-06

A note on test elements for monomorphisms of free groups

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Abstract

A word in a group is called a test element if any endomorphism fixing it is necessarily an automorphism. In this note, we give a sufficient condition in geometry to construct test elements for monomorphisms of a free group, by using the Whitehead graph and the action of the free group on its Cayley graph. 9 pages, 4 figures. Published in the journal of Groups, Complexity, Cryptology

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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexjournal of Groups complexity cryptologyPublished 2026-10-06

Authors: Qiang Zhang, Dongxiao Zhao

Institutions: Xi'an Jiaotong University