Modeling and Optimization Methods of Hybrid WDM/TDM Multiplexing Technology for Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor System

Abstract

This article presents a mathematical model and optimization methods for a fiber-optic humidity sensor system based on hybrid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM) technology. In modern telecommunications and industrial monitoring systems, there is a growing need to simultaneously obtain information from multiple points. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of the hybrid WDM/TDM architecture, which uses 8 spectral channels (C-band, 1530–1565 nm) and 16 time slots per channel. Mathematical models of the AWG demultiplexer and optical MEMS switches were created. Signal demultiplexing algorithms were developed and tested using Monte Carlo simulation (N=10,000). The results showed that the 128-channel hybrid system provides an overall efficiency of about 65%, relative humidity accuracy of ±0.5%, and an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 27.2 dB. The optimal configuration was determined using a multi-criteria optimization function: channel spacing of 4.5 nm, time interval of 6.25 ms, and guard interval of 0.25 ms. The simulation showed the suitability and further prospects for the use of hybrid WDM/TDM multiplexing technology in telecommunications infrastructure, data centers, and industrial monitoring systems.