The Quadripartite One Health Approach: Integrating Human, Animal, Environmental, and Behavioral Health for Public Health Resilience

Abstract

This review examines the One Health approach through four complementary perspectives: human health, veterinary medicine, environmental health, and behavioral science. It discusses zoonotic disease surveillance, veterinary biosecurity, ecosystem conservation, behavioral interventions, antimicrobial resistance, and multisectoral collaboration as key components of disease prevention and public health resilience. The paper emphasizes the importance of integrating expertise across sectors to address emerging health challenges and shift global health strategies from reactive outbreak response toward proactive prevention.