Reconfigurable Optoelectronic Logic Gates Enabled by a VSe2/MoTe2 van der Waals Heterojunction

Abstract

Optoelectronic logic gates that integrate optical inputs with electrical outputs offer a promising route toward high-bandwidth, low-power in-sensor computing. However, most existing implementations require precise control over the excitation wavelength, optical power, or gate bias, which complicates device fabrication and system integration. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic device based on a VSe2/MoTe2 van der Waals heterojunction. The device exhibits a rectification ratio exceeding 103 in the dark and a pronounced photovoltaic response, including a light on/off ratio surpassing 107, a responsivity of 0.28 A/W, and external quantum efficiency of 54%, as well as a noise-equivalent power of 4.6 × 10−14 W/Hz1/2 and a specific detectivity of 2.1 × 1010 cm Hz1/2/W. By reconfiguring the source and drain electrodes and modulating the optical input, six fundamental Boolean logic operations—AND, IMP, NOR, NOT, OR, and NAND—are realized in the device. Notably, all six logic functions are obtained under fixed illumination and predefined bias, without requiring wavelength, power, or gate modulation. Switching between functions requires only a specific bias voltage and a change in the source/drain connection (for certain operations, OR and NAND, the input state is redefined). These results underscore the promise of two-dimensional material-based van der Waals heterojunctions for compact, low-power, and reconfigurable optoelectronic logic processing.