Periodicity of Nuclear Structure and Emergent Electronic Periodicity

Abstract

Version note — v11 Periodicity of Nuclear Structure and Emergent Electronic Periodicity — 26 September 2026 Version 11 completes chapter 5, "Nuclear dynamics", which is now complete. The main additions: Section 5.5: the limits of stability and neutron substitution: the structural definition of the stable form, the study of periods 1 and 2, and the three keys modulating isotope stability (geometric stability, structural grammar, competition). Section "The double β⁻": the common structural criterion (a stable symmetric base plus an excess making it the isobar of a stable symmetric target two ranks further in Z), and the list of the nine typical cases, from ⁴⁸Ca to ¹³⁴Xe. Neutron substitution as a common writing, beyond the double cases. Section "The isomers": the structural requalification (same N and Z, different mass, different writings), the test protocol on twelve inverted-stability couples in three categories (opposite decay, diverging paths, same path), and the twelve complete analyses. Four transitional isomers are derived from the writings and then found in the published data (including the 39.6 keV level of ¹²⁹Xe and the cascade of ¹⁹⁴Pt). The Hoyle state of ¹²C receives its structural derivation, which incidentally refutes the cluster intuition initially set out in [LM]. Corrections: ¹⁷⁹Ta, wrongly indicated as stable in earlier versions, is removed from the list of stable nuclides (EC, 1.82 y). Minor corrections of neutron-rich isotope writings from early versions. Forthcoming (next version): annexes 6 and 7, iconographies of the double β⁻ (the base/isobar/target triptychs) and of the analysed isomeric couples. The references in the text announce them. The analytical content of chapter 5 is fully developed in the body of the text for this version. An editorial reorganisation (summaries in the body, developments and diagrams in annexes) will take place once the whole article is completed.