Inside-outside technology effects: how technological proficiency and technological work environments shape GenZers’ work expectations

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine how the alignment between individual technological proficiency (TP) and technologically advanced organizational environments – an internal-external congruence – shapes Generation Z’s (Gen Z) expectations regarding job flexibility (JF), face-to-face interaction and commitment to the employer in technology-intensive labor markets. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative design, data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 461 Gen Z respondents. A theory-driven conceptual model was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess direct and mediated relationships among technological and work-related constructs. Findings A strong positive association emerged between perceived TP and the importance attributed to working in technologically advanced organizations; both dimensions also predicted higher expectations for JF. Flexibility, however, had mixed effects: it strengthened the value placed on face-to-face interaction while relating negatively to commitment to the employer. Technologically advanced environments directly fostered interpersonal engagement, whereas higher TP was linked to weaker organizational attachment. Research limitations/implications Although conducted within a single national context, the study deepens understanding of the evolving psychological contract of digital-native employees and highlights the complex interplay between technological empowerment and organizational loyalty. Practical implications To attract and retain technologically skilled Gen Z talent, organizations should move beyond flexibility as a stand-alone practice, combining digital autonomy with clear development pathways and intentionally designed in-person interaction. Originality/value By integrating individual capabilities and workplace conditions through the Work-Workforce-Workplace lens, the study offers a holistic explanation of how technological alignment reshapes work expectations among the emerging workforce.