The Problems and Needs of Green Hydrogen and Electrolyzer Customers

Abstract

Abstract Hydrogen (H2), when produced through water splitting using renewable energy sources (green hydrogen), can result in minimal carbon emissions to the environment. However, most hydrogen gas is currently made using fossil fuels. To successfully address the needs of green H2 and electrolyzer customers, it is important to understand their problems and concerns. We investigated the viewpoints of existing customers by conducting 115 interviews in different industrial sectors, including oil and gas industries, ammonia industries, heavy and light-duty transportation, and steel industries. The customers reported 328 concerns that included 114 technical issues. Their identified concerns were divided into twelve categories, and technical issues were further divided into ten categories. The high cost of green hydrogen and capital for electrolyzers was the major concern for customers, followed by technical issues and an imbalanced supply chain. Major technical challenges were efficiency of electrolyzers, low reliability, and lack of uniform standards and parts. The results of this survey indicated the necessity of developing novel electrolyzers with high efficiency and reliability at a reduced cost for long-term operation to relieve the economic burden for the customer. Also required are the development of infrastructure for distribution, ways to expedite governmental support, and facilitating the permitting process.