Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Concert Simulation to Reduce Performance Anxiety in Music Students

Abstract

This study examined the effects of a virtual reality (VR)–based stage simulation on music performance anxiety (MPA) among undergraduate music students. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a matched comparison group was employed. Participants were matched by primary instrument, with volunteers for the VR intervention forming the experimental group (n = 12) and remaining matched students forming the comparison group (n = 12). The experimental group completed a 10-week VR intervention simulating realistic concert settings, while the comparison group continued regular training. The Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI) was administered before and after the intervention. Results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety within the experimental group (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.83), whereas no significant change was observed in the comparison group. Posttest comparisons showed lower anxiety in the experimental group (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.34). These findings suggest that VR-based stage simulations may support anxiety management in music training.