Time-of-day variation in endurance and strength performance, and physiological state across the waking day

Abstract

= 0.114) were unaffected. Short-duration cycling performance and handgrip strength are enhanced during the late afternoon and early evening and occur alongside coordinated temporal variation in physiological and perceptual state. These findings highlight time-of-day as a meaningful source of variation in exercise capacity and an important consideration in exercise testing and research design.