Climate & Environmentpreprint2026-09-08

The Spatial Designation Model: Structural Extension on Terminal Structures and the Cosmic Breathing Cycle (v1.1)

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Abstract

The Spatial Designation Model describes cause-side irreversibility as a structural phenomenon emerging from the triad of computational energy, reference, and synchronization. Version v1.1 extends the minimal draft (v1.0) by introducing two essential components: (1) terminal structures, which explain black holes as structural endpoints rather than gravitational singularities, and (2) the cosmic breathing cycle, a generative loop consisting of reference, structural generation, spatial designation, and irreversible output. Together, these components complete the minimal closure of the cause-side generative structure.

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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)Published 2026-09-08

Authors: Akio Nomura