AARI - Albano Atmospheric Retention Index v2.0 CORRECTED - Replaces As - 4 Confirmed Planets Atmospheric Retention

Abstract

CORRECTED VERSION v2.0 - August 30, 2026 - This version REPLACES previous As version. AARI = Albano Atmospheric Retention IndexFormula: A_R = (R_X * S_flare) / (a^2 * M_p)Lower A_R = better retention. A_R <0.3 HOLDS atmosphere, >=0.3 LOST, 0.25-0.30 MARGINAL. This version presents 4 CONFIRMED PLANETS ONLY (removed KOI-4878.01 candidate and HD 137010 b retracted): - Kepler-174 d - A_R 0.115 - HOLDS- Kepler-62 e - A_R 0.034 - HOLDS (7 Gyr old system)- HD 40307 g - A_R 0.28 - MARGINAL- Tau Ceti f - A_R 0.009 - BEST - recovered case SIGNIFICANCE: These 4 planets were often discarded or rated low in previous flux-only habitability metrics. Applying AARI (which includes stellar X-ray activity R_X and flare frequency S_flare from XMM/Chandra and TESS/Kepler), all 4 show long-term atmospheric retention. In particular, Tau Ceti f - previously discarded as too cold/low flux - is RECOVERED as BEST case (A_R 0.009) due to very low stellar activity (R_X 2.0e-6). AARI recovers habitable candidates missed by old metrics. NOTE: Previous As = (f_c * v_CME * Δt)/ρ_E is a separate index for short-term magnetospheric stability (As<1 stable). AARI is distinct for long-term atmospheric retention. Data: NASA Exoplanet Archive, XMM/Chandra, TESS/Kepler.