An Integrated Framework Using Petri Nets and Graph Theory for Agrotourism Network Analysis in Albania

Abstract

Albania has 270 certified agrotourism establishments generating over €12 million annually. Operators face long waiting times, underutilized capacity, and supply chain delays. We propose an integrated framework combining Graph theory for structural network analysis with Timed Petri Nets for dynamic process modeling, applied to the Shkodra region. Using road distances from GIS and OpenStreetMap, we construct a weighted network of 40+ centers. Structural analysis identifies Harapi (degree 4, betweenness 0.35) and Faqedol (degree 3) as the most central nodes. Accessibility analysis reveals high spatial inequality (CV = 0.52). We build and simulate a Timed Petri Net model in CPN Tools, parameterized with site visit data. The tourist flow model identifies the activity stage as the primary bottleneck (90% utilization). The supply chain model shows processing as the main constraint (4 hours average). We propose a practical step-by-step implementation framework for applying Petri Nets in agrotourism. Combined structural and dynamic analysis shows that targeted interventions can increase throughput by 30%, from 45 to 60 tourists per day.