Structural Parameter Optimization of a Downward Air Duct Dust Collector Based on Flow Field Uniformity Analysis: CFD-DPM Approach

Abstract

Abstract The issue of dust pollution in mine roadways and tunnel excavation operations has become increasingly severe. This study systematically investigates, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the influence mechanisms of partition plates and tube sheet structures on the internal flow field uniformity of a sunk-airway filter plate dust collector. Using a three-dimensional numerical model with the realizable k - ε turbulence model and discrete phase model (DPM), gas-solid two-phase flow under different structural parameters was simulated. The results demonstrate that eliminating the side partition ( L = 0 mm ) achieves optimal flow field uniformity, significantly reducing interfilter plate mass flow deviation, airflow velocity range, and dust capture nonuniformity (coefficient of variation reduced by 6%–11%). Furthermore, a stepped tube sheet with a moderate step height ( H = 50 mm ) reduces total ventilation resistance by approximately 6.3% and enhances flow field uniformity by 3%. This study elucidates the positive role of structural optimization in balancing dust load distribution. The findings provide a theoretical basis and numerical reference for designing high-efficiency dust removal equipment in long, narrow spaces, with significant engineering application value for improving occupational safety and equipment longevity in underground mining and tunnel construction.