Black carbon in urban atmospheres: source apportionment, mixing states, and implications for climate and respiratory health
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a major urban pollutant affecting climate and health. This review examines studies published between 2018 and 2026 on BC sources, mixing state, and impacts. Traffic emissions dominate developed cities, while biomass and residential combustion are major sources in developing regions. Particle mixing influences radiative forcing and respiratory deposition. Standardized measurements and integrated climate-health assessments are needed.
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Authors: Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya, Marian Onyemaechi Ashikodi, Ochuko Vincent Akpojivi, Friday Elumah Oziegbe, Aline Françoise Mbabazi, Isaac Nzayisenga
Institutions: Hohai University, Federal University of Petroleum Resource Effurun, Delta State University, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali