The weak shock limit as an organizing boundary in shock response

Abstract

Materials under shock loading exhibit strengthening in the weak shock region followed by weakening in strong shock, but no general criterion defines this transition. Here, the weak shock limit (WSL) is proposed as a consistent and experimentally accessible boundary in shock response. In front-speed representation, this threshold marks the transition from distributed, material-dependent behavior to a single front-controlled regime across metals, brittle solids, and energetic materials. In the present datasets, the WSL coincides with the maximum supported shear stress, providing a direct physical definition of the transition from strengthening to weakening. When normalized by this state, both stress–rate and front-speed data collapse onto common trends across materials. These results suggest that the WSL is a robust organizing boundary and a useful basis for comparing strong-shock response across material classes.