A REVIEW ON CUBOSOMES FOR TARGETED THERAPY IN TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER AND OPTIMIZING THROUGH QBD

Abstract

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, commonly abbreviated as TNBC, is a distinctive form of breast cancer that lacks three critical receptors: estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as shown in Fig 1. These receptors are typically involved in the growth and spread of most breast cancers, and their absence in TNBC means that common hormonal and targeted therapies are ineffective. TNBC.[1-3] represents roughly 10% to 20% of all breast cancer diagnoses and is known for its particular aggressiveness and tendency to affect younger women compared to other breast cancer types.