The effect of Zesquare visual attention set on the development of pattern skills in early childhood: A quasi–experimental study

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the Zesquare (Ze2) Visual Attention Set (VAS) on the development of pattern skills in early childhood. The study utilized a pre-test–post-test control group design. The study group consisted of 38 students (18 females, 20 males) aged 5, attending a preschool in Istanbul. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design was employed. These intact groups were then designated as either the experimental or the control group. In the study, the experimental group participated in Ze2 VAS activities for 30-40 minutes daily over 12 weeks, considering each child's attention and interest level. The control group continued their education following the standard curriculum. Data collection employed the Preschool Pattern Skills Test, which included demographic information. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v24 and the R package. The study found no significant difference in pre-test pattern skills scores between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.24). Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to their pre-test scores, indicating a notable gain in pattern skills favoring the intervention (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.80). There was no significant difference in pattern skills post-test scores compared to pre-test scores for the control group (p > 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.12). The findings indicate that children using the Ze2 VAS app demonstrated improvement in their pattern recognition skills. In summary, the study suggests that Ze2 VAS contributes positively to children’s development.