On the Origin of Unit Charge and the Stability Mechanism of Neutrons in Atomic Nuclei

Abstract

Based on the framework of the light origin theory, the spin of microscopic particles such as protons and electrons is not an intrinsic property of particle bodies or gammaray photons. It is an external manifestation of gamma ray photons locked inside the system moving along closed loops at the speed of light. Gamma ray photons are strongly confined inside the closed system and travel along closed loops strictly at the speed of light with no superluminal motion. This motion generates system spin and gives rise to overall spatial external perturbation. As a complete particle system, it can only produce one perturbation corresponding to unit charge. The charge behaviour is determined solely by the spinperturbation mode of this closed system and has no relation to the particle mass or total energy. After protons and electrons merge to form neutrons, the original closed cages of protons and electrons are broken. No physical entities of protons and electrons remain. Only two sets of gamma photon loop structures with opposite rotation directions are retained. Due to mismatched operating modes and spin frequencies, these two sets of loops cannot lock together or undergo energy rise and energy drop reconstruction. They can only coexist independently inside the system. Each set of loops retains its original positive and negative perturbation properties without mutual interference or alteration. Their external perturbations cancel each other so that neutrons show electrical neutrality. The forced coexistence of two incompatible photon loops creates an intrinsically unstable structure. Free neutrons do not disintegrate instantly. They undergo collision free spontaneous decay after an average lifetime of about fifteen minutes. The strong interaction confinement inside atomic nuclei can suppress dissociation and keep neutrons stable. This paper illustrates the underlying origin of charge quantization and explains the physical mechanism behind the stability difference between free neutrons and intranuclear neutrons. Only the fine dynamic mechanism of how internal photon loops reverse, reconstruct and dissociate during neutron decay remains to be verified by further experiments.