Physics & Spacepreprint2026-08-30

Topological Constraints on $SO(3,3)$ Spacetime: Part I. Vacuum Structure and Ghost Suppression

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Abstract

In standard higher-dimensional formulations such as SO(3,3) spacetime, unconstrained temporal degrees of freedom inevitably lead to negative-norm ghost states, threatening the unitarity of the theory. To resolve this instability, this paper proposes a theoretical 3+1+2 dimensional spacetime model derived by imposing a dynamic topological constraint field onto a symmetric 3-space + 3-time structure. Utilizing a symmetry-breaking mechanism analogous to Ginzburg-Landau theory, we investigate how the non-zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) of this constraint field kinematically suppresses transverse-time wave fluctuations. Furthermore, we formulate this topological constraint as an effective mathematical pathway to yield a macroscopic equation of state consistent with dark energy (w=-1) and establish minimum energy bounds (BPS limits) for stable topological configurations. This purely geometric approach provides a mathematically constrained metric framework, offering theoretical directions for stabilizing higher-dimensional gauge theories prior to formal BRST quantization. While the present work primarily establishes the fundamental constraint conditions of the vacuum, we propose that this kinematic suppression is not purely static, setting a foundation for exploring how geometric resistance scales dynamically with the kinematic state of matter.

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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)Published 2026-08-30

Authors: Changho Cho