A Phenomenological Framework for Black-Hole-Induced Cosmological Bounce Scenarios

Abstract

This preprint develops a phenomenological framework for investigating whether gravitational collapse inside black holes could avoid classical spacetime singularities and instead undergo a high-density transition to a finite minimum geometry. The proposed framework explores the possibility that, under suitable quantum-gravitational or effective high-curvature dynamics, gravitational collapse may be followed by a bounce into an expanding spacetime region. The work does not claim that every black hole necessarily produces a new universe, nor does it present a complete fundamental theory of quantum gravity. Instead, it formulates the idea as a mathematically structured research program with explicit assumptions, effective dynamical equations, consistency requirements, and falsifiability criteria. The model employs an effective bounce equation of the form H² = (8πG/3)ρ(1 − ρ/ρ_c), together with energy-momentum conservation and conditions for a finite minimum geometry. A key distinction is made between homogeneous cosmological models and the actual interior geometry of black holes. To address this issue, a general spherically symmetric interior metric and a transition hypersurface framework are introduced. The preprint further discusses the matching of collapsing and expanding spacetime regions, the role of effective energy-momentum tensors, local conservation laws, the black-hole information problem, parameter estimation, Bayesian model comparison, numerical research strategies, and possible observational tests. The framework should be regarded as a phenomenological hypothesis rather than a completed or experimentally confirmed theory. Several fundamental questions remain open, including the microscopic origin of the critical density, the derivation of the effective dynamics from a fundamental theory of quantum gravity, the complete interior solution, and the identification of unique observational signatures. The principal aim of this work is therefore to transform a speculative cosmological idea into a structured, mathematically defined, and potentially falsifiable research framework.