A new perspective on Hubble's law through a four-dimensional spatial model

Abstract

Recent JWST observations of galaxies at redshifts above 14 challenge standard interpretations of cosmic distances based on the FLRW metric. This motivates a re‑examination of the conceptual foundations linking expansion, redshift, and cosmological geometry. Here I explore an alternative framework in which the Universe is modeled as the three‑dimensional surface of a hypersphere expanding at a constant rate, with radius r = ct. In this scenario, matter appears as a discontinuity within a geometry governed by the CMB, preserving Hubble’s law while offering a finite yet unbounded Universe without invoking dark matter or dark energy. The model introduces a distinct interpretation of galactic recession and provides testable predictions through supernova distance measurements, including those accessible with JWST. Its broader implications concern the role of the CMB, the status of the cosmological constant, and the gravity–expansion balance encoded in the Hyperspherical Expansion Acceleration (HEA).