Prenatal Ultrasound Screening for Corpus Callosum Anomalies: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Prenatal detection of agenesis of corpus callosum (CC) anomalies is a challenge. Although a correct diagnosis of anomalies of the CC requires direct examination of the CC in the mid-sagittal plane of the fetal brain, the international guidelines on mid-trimester morphology scan do not recommend such direct examination of the CC in low-risk populations because of the associated technical difficulties. Recently, routine direct assessment of the CC with the mid-sagittal view has been recommended by several international experts in a consensus statement. The implementation of such routine direct assessment is not easy given the difficulties encountered in obtaining the mid-sagittal view of the CC. As such, it is the time to revisit the various two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound techniques with a view to improve visualisation of the CC. The aim of this narra-tive review article is to discuss the use of various prenatal ultrasound screening methods of CC anomalies in-cluding standard axial views, a more detailed axial views, the mid-sagittal view, transvaginal approach, and 3D reconstruction. New insights on screening methods, and a pragmatic approach are also shared.