Asthma evaluation of risk factors in atopic patients in the Hatay Region

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the role of systemic inflammatory indices and specific aeroallergen sensitizations in predicting asthma among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, within the United Airway Disease (UAD) framework.Method: A retrospective study was conducted including 575 patients who underwent skin prick testing (SPT). Patients were categorized into four groups: healthy controls, AR only, allergic asthma, and non-allergic asthma. Demographics, SPT results, and inflammatory indices were compared. Independent risk factors for asthma were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression.Results: No statistically significant differences in eosinophil levels or systemic inflammatory indices were detected among the four phenotypes (p>0.05). However, the median age and the proportion of females were observed to be higher in asthmatic patients. In the multivariate analysis, increasing age (OR: 1.019), being female sex (OR: 1.515), tree pollen (OR: 1.953), and cockroach (OR: 1.618) sensitizations were identified as independent risk factors for asthma. House dust mite sensitization was lost its significance in the multivariate model.Conclusion: The predictive value of systemic inflammatory indices in distinguishing asthma phenotypes is considered low in stable atopic patients. Tree pollen and cockroach sensitizations, rather than house dust mites, were proven as the strongest independent determinants of asthma development among the studied population in the Mediterranean climate of Hatay, influenced by climate change and precipitation.