Pixel‐Level Reconfigurable Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Induced by Inter‐Layer Coupling of Isotropic Metasurfaces

Abstract

ABSTRACT The growing demand for dynamic electromagnetic wave control has accelerated the development of programmable metasurfaces. However, conventional approaches that rely on active components such as pin diodes, varactor diodes, and liquid crystals often suffer from limited modulation depth, poor scalability of unit cells, complex driving circuitry, and high power consumption, making it challenging to balance hardware cost with precise wavefront manipulation. Here, we propose a novel strategy for large‐scale pixel‐level reconfigurable Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase at the subwavelength scale, enabled by dislocation‐sensitive near‐field coupling in bilayer isotropic meta‐disks. To realize this, a progressive optimization algorithm is developed to efficiently encode multiple wavefronts into the local offset parameters of meta‐disks relative to their respective lattice centers. Numerical simulations based on a theoretical simplified model predict up to 18 holographic channels using a 300 × 300 meta‐disk design. Meanwhile, 6‐channel holographic projection with dynamic switching via global translation of one layer at a one‐lattice interval is experimentally validated using a fabricated 82 × 82 meta‐disk sample. Our work outlines a new paradigm in reconfigurable metasurfaces, with broad potential applications in wireless communications, holographic displays, data storage, and information encryption.