Modified plastination technique for teaching and research of anatomy

Abstract

Plastination is a modern method used to preserve body tissues for teaching and research in anatomy. However, traditional plastination is expensive and needs special tools and chemicals, which limits its use. In this study, we developed a modified method for luminal cast and sheet plastination using easily available silicone sealant. We applied the modified luminal cast technique to anatomical structures like the bronchial tree, renal arteries and the external ear canal of goats. For the brain, spinal cord and kidneys, we used a modified sheet plastination method to prepare sheet plastinates. These samples were dry, flexible, odor-free, safe to handle, durable and provided a clear three-dimensional view of the organs. A questionnaire survey was conducted among undergraduate veterinary students to assess their perceptions of the plastinated specimens (plastinates). Most of the students (91.1%) considered plastinates to be safer than preserved samples. A large number also found the lung (97.8%), renal artery (RA) (88.9%) and external auditory canal (EAC) (100%) casts better at showing three-dimensional structures than animations or preserved specimens. All students (100%) agreed that plastinates were flexible, portable, easy to handle and safe for close-up study and most of the students (97.7%) reported that plastinated slices demonstrated the internal structures, color, and orientation better than conventionally preserved specimens. About half of the students (51.1%) strongly recommended using plastinates in anatomy practical classes, while the rest (48.9%) suggested using plastinates alongside fresh and fixed samples. Moreover, 88.9% believed plastination is essential for studying anatomy. In conclusion, this modified plastination method provides a practical approach for anatomy education and research. However, it is time-consuming, demands skilled expertise and should be seen as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, traditional dissection method.