Spontaneous Regression of Cutaneous Myeloid Sarcoma in an Elderly Female with Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma: A Case Report

Abstract

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare neoplasm characterised by the proliferation of myeloid blasts with or without maturation, at various extramedullary sites including the skin. We present a case of a 66-year-old female with primary peritoneal carcinoma who underwent chemotherapy and subsequently presented with multiple erythematous skin nodules. Histopathological examination of these nodules assumed to be cutaneous metastases of the peritoneal carcinoma revealed an atypical monomorphous infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry showed that these cells were positive for Cluster Differentiation 43, myeloperoxidase and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and were negative for cytokeratins; thus, a diagnosis of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma was made. Remarkably, these cutaneous lesions later underwent spontaneous regression without the patient undergoing any specific therapy for the same. This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma in patients who present with skin lesions in the appropriate clinical context as well as the extremely rare occurrence of spontaneous remission of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma.