Photons Do Not Fly. Nonlocal Theory of Relativity. Impulse Theory of Interaction.

Abstract

This work presents a foundational reformulation of field interactions, introducing the Impulse Theory of Interaction. The theory challenges the standard paradigm by positing that what is conventionally described as continuous fields is the statistical manifestation of discrete, nonlocal exchanges of momentum quanta, termed impulsons. Core principles and results: Nonlocality and Determinism: A photon (or impulson) does not "travel" through space. Instead, emitter and absorber are linked by a predetermined, instantaneous connection in an extended space, manifesting in our frame with the delay L/cL/c. This provides a deterministic reinterpretation of quantum entanglement and delayed-choice experiments. Impulson Mechanics: The electric force arises from the exchange of impulsons (Iˇ=αℏ/rIˇ=αℏ/r) between charged particles at light speed. The Coulomb law is derived as a time-averaged product of impulson amplitude and exchange frequency (f=Iˇ⋅νf=Iˇ⋅ν). Derivation of Electrodynamics: The framework naturally yields Ampère's force law, electromagnetic induction, and the mechanism of radio-wave radiation from antennas, reproducing classical electrodynamics from first principles. Velocity-Dependent Force: The theory predicts a first-order correction to the Coulomb force proportional to the radial velocity between charges (∼vr/(2c)∼vr/(2c)), which accounts for the residual Pioneer anomaly in the 20–70 AU range. Numerical Validation: Monte Carlo simulations of relativistic electron scattering reproduce Rutherford scattering for distinguishable particles and, after symmetrization, recover Møller scattering for identical particles to high accuracy, with the exception of the interference term at angles near 90°—a deviation that highlights the quantum statistical effects absent in the spinless, one-on-one interaction model.