Evaluating the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the musculoskeletal anatomy of the back among health professionals: A cross-sectional needs assessment study

Abstract

A strong grasp of musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy of the back is essential for clinical competence, diagnostic accuracy, and procedural safety. Persistent knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals, along with reduced curricular emphasis and inconsistent reinforcement, have been reported. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAPs) related to the MSK anatomy of the back among healthcare professionals and to identify perceived learning needs to guide targeted educational interventions. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 392 participants, including postgraduate students, PhD scholars, and junior faculty from anatomy, orthopaedics, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy institutions in Udupi and Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Validated 22-item Google Form–based questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of back MSK anatomy. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively while qualitative responses were examined using Clarke and Braun’s six-phase thematic analysis framework. 83.42% of participants perceived back MSK anatomy as highly important in clinical practice, 15.91% reported strong familiarity with deep back structures. Applied knowledge assessment revealed limited understanding of functional anatomy, with 5.10% correctly identifying muscles not involved in lumbar extension. Thematic analysis identified six major themes, while 70.41% agreed that digital platforms enhance learning motivation , 87.5% supported the development of a structured digital module, 67.35% were unaware of existing digital resources. The findings demonstrate clear gap between perceived importance and actual knowledge of MSK back anatomy. Strong interest in technology-assisted learning highlights the need for accessible, interactive digital modules incorporating 3D visualisation and AR/VR tools to enhance applied anatomical competence and clinical preparedness.