Uncovering the linguistic tools of coercion and resistance of female genital mutilation in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Abstract

This research investigates the influence of language in perpetuating the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) among the Kusaas of the Upper East Region of Ghana. It focuses on the employment of coercive language to enforce adherence to this harmful transnational practice. Drawing on three frameworks: feminist linguistics, decolonial feminism and discourse analysis, this study sheds light on the dual role of language, delineating its potential to both discourage and empower young girls in resisting the practice of FGM. The study also reveals how discourses of gender inequality are expressed through language (songs) and normalized under the guise of cultural norms, which create deep barriers between circumcised and uncircumcised young girls and women, uncircumcised brides and their husbands and uncircumcised females and the entire community. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses linguistics, gender studies, and cultural analysis, the research uncovers the diverse mechanisms by which linguistic expressions, including songs, innuendos, and verbal abuse, are used as potent tools for stigmatizing and discriminating against resilient individuals who resist FGM among the Kusaas of Ghana. The findings highlight successful decolonial interventions, supported by governmental and global efforts to combat the menace. These interventions demonstrate the capacity of language to act as a transformative force in overcoming the prevalence of FGM in the study area. By shedding light on this underexplored aspect, the research aims to contribute valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, activists, and communities working on gender inequality, abuse, violence and promoting the well-being of girls.