Society & Economicsarticle2026-08-15

F P Ramsey's confusion about Keynes's use of a relational, propositional logic and first order (predicate) logic

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Abstract

Ramsey suffered severe mental and intellectual problems in trying to grasp Keynes’s deployment of Boole’s relational, propositional (statement, sentential) logic, which, following Boole, used the logical connectives (and, or, not, implication (>)) to model logical probability with Keynes’s later use of a first order(predicate) logic when discussing the Principle of Indifference (POI), induction and statistics. Ramsey’s confusions are so great that his 1922,1923 and 1926 reviews of Keynes’s work should simply be skipped by anyone who is trying to grasp what Keynes is doing in his A Treatise on Probability.

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View paper (DOI)Open access versionOpenAlexZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)Published 2026-08-15

Authors: Michael Emmett Brady

Institutions: California State University, Dominguez Hills