Core Contradictions of the Underlying Paradigm of General Relativity

Abstract

General relativity has become the mainstream gravitational theory by introducing high-order correction terms to fit the observational data of the 43 arcseconds per century precession of Mercury’s perihelion. However, its core field equations and the only applicable Schwarzschild analytical solution contain irreparable mathematical preconditions, giving rise to two fundamental logical paradoxes. When applied to galactic dynamic calculations, a 95% dynamic mass deficit emerges. Quantitative calculations of gravitational waves and case analysis of the Sun-Earth-Moon three-body system reveal prominent flaws within its theoretical framework. General relativity is merely a local mathematical fitting model adapted to weak gravitational scenarios in the solar system, rather than a universal underlying physical law of the universe. The academic community patches its theoretical defects by relying on unobservable hypotheses including dark matter, dark energy, singularities and the Big Bang. Taking the bidirectionally coupled system of Newton’s law of universal gravitation as a reference, this paper systematically analyzes multi-layer inherent problems of general relativity by combining the inherent defects of the Schwarzschild metric, gravitational contradictions of the Sun-Earth-Moon three-body system and numerical deductions of binary black hole gravitational waves. It further demonstrates the internal conflicts of singularity theory combined with the physical properties of photon soup in the early universe. This paper proposes that universal gravitation, electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force are all instantaneous action-at-a-distance forces, and constructs a new framework of globally distributed chain superimposed gravitation. Without any hypothetical substances, this framework can uniformly explain the orbital motion of celestial bodies in the solar system, galactic rotation, large-scale cosmic gravitational binding and other phenomena, fundamentally avoiding a series of theoretical contradictions such as spacetime curvature, gravitational propagation at the speed of light, singularities, the Big Bang and logical conflicts of the Earth-Moon orbit.