Lung Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Patient Care

Abstract

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for millions of new cases and deaths each year despite substantial advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. A major challenge is that many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, when curative treatment is often no longer possible. This study was conducted to examine current approaches to lung cancer management and to evaluate how patient-centred care can improve clinical outcomes throughout the continuum of care. Understanding the integration of evidence-based medicine with compassionate, individualized care is increasingly important as treatment strategies become more complex and personalized. This paper addresses the research question: How can patient-centred care improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with lung cancer? A narrative literature review methodology was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, international clinical guidelines, and publications from reputable organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). The review is guided by the principles of Evidence-Based Medicine, Patient-Centred Care,which emphasize the integration of scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values in decision-making. Through the analysis of current literature and a representative clinical case, this paper argues that multidisciplinary collaboration, early detection, precision medicine, psychosocial support, and shared decision-making are essential components of high-quality lung cancer care. The findings highlight the need to move beyond treating the disease alone and instead provide holistic care that improves survival, quality of life, and the overall patient experience. Keywords: Lung cancer, patient-centred care, precision medicine, multidisciplinary care, oncology